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                <h2 id="OC中extern、static、const和宏的一些用法区别，和使用场景"><a href="#OC中extern、static、const和宏的一些用法区别，和使用场景" class="headerlink" title="OC中extern、static、const和宏的一些用法区别，和使用场景"></a>OC中<font color=#D31895>extern</font>、<font color=#D31895>static</font>、<font color=#D31895>const</font>和宏的一些用法区别，和使用场景</h2><h3 id="1、宏"><a href="#1、宏" class="headerlink" title="1、宏"></a>1、宏</h3><p>宏可以定义代码，用<font color=#E47C48>#define</font>来声明。它可以定义一些常量，例如：<br>1.定义字符串：<br><code>#define kSessionId @&quot;kSessionId&quot;</code><br>2.定义一些代码：<br><code>#define GETTOKEN [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] stringForKey:KToken]</code><br>3、可以做一些判断如:  </p>
<pre class=" language-objectivec"><code class="language-objectivec">＃define  定义一个预处理宏
＃undef   取消宏的定义
＃<span class="token keyword">if</span>      编译预处理中的条件命令， 相当于C语法中的<span class="token keyword">if</span>语句
＃ifdef   判断某个宏是否被定义<span class="token punctuation">(</span>＃define过<span class="token punctuation">)</span>， 若已定义， 执行随后的语句
＃ifndef  与＃ifdef相反， 判断某个宏是否未被定义
＃elif    若＃<span class="token keyword">if</span>， ＃ifdef， ＃ifndef或前面的＃elif条件不满足， 则执行＃elif之后的语句， 相当于C语法中的<span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">if</span>
＃<span class="token keyword">else</span>    与＃<span class="token keyword">if</span>， ＃ifdef， ＃ifndef对应， 若这些条件不满足， 则执行＃<span class="token keyword">else</span>之后的语句， 相当于C语法中的<span class="token keyword">else</span>
＃endif   ＃<span class="token keyword">if</span>， ＃ifdef， ＃ifndef这些条件命令的结束标志<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
defined   与＃<span class="token keyword">if</span>， ＃elif配合使用， 判断某个宏是否被定义
＃pragma  说明编译器信息
＃warning 显示编译警告信息
＃error   显示编译错误信息
</code></pre>
<p>配置debug  </p>
<pre class=" language-objectivec"><code class="language-objectivec"><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>在 <span class="token string">"Target > Build Settings > Preprocessor Macros > Debug"</span> 设置"DEBUG<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span>”。

<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>之后在pch或工具类中就可以这么写了：
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">ifdef</span> DEBUG  </span>
（debug 模式下的配置）
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">else</span>  </span>
（release 模式下的配置）
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">endif</span> </span>
</code></pre>
<p>宏定义的一些常量和代码一般执行的是替换，宏会在编译期被加载，所以如果宏定义过多，会影响编译的时间，所以定义一些常量，不应该在宏定义中去定义这些全局变量。那么应该用什么去定义呢，这里用到了<font color=#D31895>extern</font></p>
<h3 id="2、extern"><a href="#2、extern" class="headerlink" title="2、extern"></a>2、<font color=#D31895>extern</font></h3><p>如果要声明一个常量的字符串，例如声明一些接口地址、统一声明NSNotificationName等，用<font color=#D31895>extern</font>声明，<br>使用：在一个类的.h中声明：<br><code>extern NSString *const refeshProjectAndClouldWorkList;</code><br>在.m文件中：<br><code> NSString *const refeshProjectAndClouldWorkList = @&quot;refeshProjectAndClouldWorkList&quot;</code><br>使用，引入这个文件即可，也可以在需要用的地方，重新声明一下<br><font color=#D31895>extern</font>工作原理：先会去当前文件下查找有没有对应全局变量，如果没有，才会去其他文件查找</p>
<h3 id="3、static"><a href="#3、static" class="headerlink" title="3、static"></a>3、<font color=#D31895>static</font></h3><p>1、被static修饰局部变量，延长生命周期，跟整个应用程序有关，程序结束才会销毁，如下：在一个类的里面打印下面的方法，只要程序不销毁, a 的值就不会被销毁，会一直保持最后一次给 a 赋的值<br>2、被 static 修饰局部变量，只会分配一次内存<br>3、程序一运行就会给static修饰变量分配内存<br>4、修饰全局变量，被static修饰全局变量，作用域会修改，也就是只能在当前文件下使用</p>
<h3 id="4、const"><a href="#4、const" class="headerlink" title="4、const"></a>4、<font color=#D31895>const</font></h3><p>1.仅仅只是用来修饰右边的变量（基本变量，指针变量，对象变量)<br>2.const修饰的变量只读,是(只读)变量</p>
<h3 id="5、-extern-和const配合使用"><a href="#5、-extern-和const配合使用" class="headerlink" title="5、 extern 和const配合使用"></a>5、<font color=#D31895> extern </font>和<font color=#D31895>const</font>配合使用</h3><p><font color=#D31895>static</font>与<font color=#D31895>const</font>组合：在每个文件都需要定义一份静态全局变量。<br><font color=#D31895> extern </font>与<font color=#D31895> const </font>组合:只需要定义一份全局变量，多个文件共享。  </p>
<blockquote>
<p>提示：开发中便于管理所有的全局变量，通常搞一个Global文件，里面专门定义全局变量，统一管理，要不然项目文件太多不好找  </p>
</blockquote>
<p>当我们在一个防止一个变量被修改的时候，我们在前面加上 <font color=#D31895>const</font><br>3、<font color=#D31895> extern </font> 的高级使用 (模仿 YYKIT 的使用 ),其实它只是把苹果的宏拿过来改改名字，看起来很牛逼，我们也可以牛逼一下，如下：  </p>
<p>苹果的定义：<br><font color=#E47C48>UIKIT_EXTERN</font> NSString *const refeshProjectAndClouldWorkList  </p>
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